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The direct appreciation of nature and its usage as a specific subject for art, is a relatively recent notion. Before the seventeenth century landscape was usualy merely a background to portraits or history painting (certainly this is mostly true of the western world).
During the seventeenth-century many painters began to depict the landscapes of classical Greece and Rome, this was called classical landscape. The French Academy placed lanscapes as fourth (of five) in its hierarchy of genres.
Landscape painting became increasingly popular through the eighteenth century, but it was the nineteenth century, that saw an espousal of naturalistic landscapes. It is surmised that this was a reaction to industrialisation and urbanisation, and the belief that nature shows God’s work more clearly.
In Britain Constable and Turner were in the vanguard of this movement, it was later taken on by French Impressionists. The genre soon emcompassed industrial and urban landscapes.
(Source: tate.org.uk)
[1000]
Landscape painting 1000-1549
Sui-Tang-Song Dynasties, Sienese School, Yuan Dynasty,
Ming Dynasty, Renaissance, Venetian School
and Northern Renaissance
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
Uccello Hunt in the Forest
[1550]
Landscape painting 1550 -1750
Baroque, Mannerism and Dutch Golden Age
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
[1750]
Landscape painting 1750 -1850
Romanticism, Norwich School and Heian Yamato-e
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
  Girtin Berry Pomeroy |   Friedrich Wanderer… |   Crome Amsterdam |
  Constable Hay Wain |   Corot Bridge at Narni |   Hokusai Great Wave |
  Turner Houses burning… |   Cole Oxbow |   Turner Slave ship |
[1850]
Landscape painting 1850 -1869
Romanticism, Barbizon, Biedemeier, Norwich School,
Victorian Art, Luminism, Hague School
and Eclecticism/Machiaioli
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
  Alvazovsky Ninth Wave |   Dupré Oak Trees Pond |   Weber Romantic Scene |
  Bright On the Broads |   Le Gray Beech Tree |   Dyce Pegwell Bay |
  Heade Thunder Storm |   Bilders Cows, puddle |   Abbati Cypresses |
[1870]
Landscape painting 1870 -1879
Impressionism and Peredvizhinki
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
  Pissarro Foxhill |   Savrasov Rooks returned |   Whistler Nocturne… |
  Sisley Louveciennes |   Monet Poppy Field |   Monet Sunrise |
  Caillebotte Rainy Day |   Sisley Snow at Louveciennes |   Cezanne Maincy Bridge |
[1880]
Landscape painting 1880 -1889
Symbolism, Peredvizhinki, , Eclecticism/Machiaioli, Divisionism, and Post Impressionism
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
  Grimshaw Thames Nightfall |   Repin Autumn |   Signorini Florence Ghetto |
  Seurat Courbevoie |   Seurat Honfleur |   Van Gogh Orchard |
  Van Gogh Irises |   Van Gogh Starry Night |   Van Gogh Wheatfield |
[1890]
Landscape painting 1890 -1899
Victorian Art, Post Impressionism, Cos Cob Colony and Ashcan
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
  Joel Highlands |   Van Gogh Wheatfield Crows |   Twatchtman Winter Harmony |
  Monet Haystack |   Sisley Bridge in the Sun |   Robinson Low Tide |
  Pissarro Montmartre |   Monet Green Harmony |   Shinn NY Cross Streets |
[1900]
Landscape painting 1900 -1920
Post Impressionism, Divisionism, Naive Art,
Realism and Art Nouveau
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
  Monet Fog at Houses |   Cezanne Sainte-Victoire |   Derain Collioure |
  Rousseau Lion’s repast |   Picabia Loing banks |   Cross Cagnes Cypresses |
  Rousseau The Dream |   Crane Neptune’s Horses |   Klimt Avenue Schloss |
[1920]
Landscape painting 1920-
Naive Art, Socialist Realism, Modern Art, Realism, Expressionism, Surrealism and Pop-Art
Note: the image sources are accredited at the linked page
  Miró The Farm |   Yakovlev Transport… |   Hopper Haskell’s House |
  Hopper Lighthouse |   Sheeler Classic Landscape |   Dali Persistence… |
  Pimenov New Moscow |   Kokoschka Thames View |   Hockney Seascape |
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